Housing is one of the most important basic human needs and as the worthy asset of the household is the determining factor in economic success, formation of personal identity, and social status of people. Also, it can play an important role in macroeconomic and household dimensions and is provided in two forms: rent and real. Since home ownership is the biggest financial investment in the lifetime of many households, rental Housing is preferred in decisions. On the other hand, the amount of rent in villages has increased significantly in the last few years. Several factors are effective in Housing tenure choices (real or rent) that identification of these factors and their effectiveness can help to make policy, Housing sector planning, and increasing the welfare and economic level of society. In this study, by applying the Probit model and using sample events related to the budget of rural households in 2020, Housing tenure choice has been studied. The results show that permanent income, age, marital status, employment of the head of the household, and size of the family increase the probability of home ownership in the villages, and the level of education of the head of the household increases the probability of renting.

Housing is one of the most essential needs of a household, which it can have an important role in dimensions of macroeconomics and household, being provided in both rented and ownership types. Several factors can have effect on households choosing to buy or rent, identification of these factors and amount of effect can help to make policy and Housing planning. Logit and probit models are used for this purpose and the results obtained from the estimation model are compared to determine the best model. Used data are cost and income data of urban households 93. two criteria AIC and BIC have been used to determine the best model among the two predicted models of Logit and Probit. Based on these two criteria, a model with the highest likelihood and minimum BIC and AIC is selected as the optimal model. Accordingly, by comparing two models of Logit and Probit, the logit model has the maximum likelihood and minimum BIC and AIC and is selected as the best model. for choosing the best and most significant model, we use the LR statistic between the permanent income logit models and the current income logit model and assume that the model with the highest LR statistic has less bias and the best model, but in these two models (model Permanent income logit and current income logit model) Because of the equality of degrees of freedom of both models (degree of freedom 8), there is no possibility of carrying out the LR test and LR CHI ^ 2 is used to determine the best model. By comparing the value of the LR CHI ^ 2 statistic in two permanent income logit models and the current income logit model, the permanent income logit model has a higher LR CHI-2 statistic and the model has a higher degree of certainty. Following the two permanent income logit models and the current income logit model, the logit model is selected with a permanent income and the interpretation of the model results is based on the logit model with the permanent income and the effective factors on Housing tenure choice are defined: permanent and current income, age, gender and education, occupied household head and size, Based on the permanent logit model, all independent variables of the model have a positive effect on the probability of ownership of the Housing and all the estimated coefficients in the model, except for the household status quotient ratio, are significant but the focus of this study is on households' income and education and The results show that income and education of the head of family has positive significant impact on Housing tenure choice. The results of the marginal impact assessment show that the increase of 10 million rials in the household's permanent income increases the probability of ownership of Housing by 76.1% in this research. due to the use of cross-sectional data, the explanation of the type of Housing tenure has been considered. Because of the lack of policy variables in household income-expenditure data, the possibility of providing policy recommendations is limited. Nevertheless, the results can provide the basis for providing policy recommendations that may be directly or indirectly related to the results of the research. The results show that the most important and effective factor influencing the increase in the share of civil Housing is permanent income; in other words, one of the main tenants of low-income groups and special groups is that they do not have permanent occupation and income, and therefore policies affecting the permanence of this job At the same time, the groups will have a decisive impact on their housework.

Housing is necessary goods that have a big share in household’s budget, total valu added and employment. Understanding the factors affecting the Housing demand in urban areas helps us eliminate disequilibrium in the Housing market.This paper develops a model to estimate the demand for Housing in Iran. The Housing demand is estimated considering the kind of tenure. To this end, a cross section data of 12338 selected urban households in 2001 is used.In this study, the announced rent of owner-occupied (tenant-occupied) households is a function of the current, permanent and transitory income and socioeconomic variables. An Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method is used to estimate the permanent and transitory income.The results show that the household’s income (current, permanent and transitory), age of householder and number of literated pesons in household have positive effects while the household size has a negative effect on the Housing demand. Moreover, the result of this research shows that the willingness to own a house in certain groups such as the youth is lower compared with other age groups in Iran’s urban areas.

This paper studies Housing choice under fuzzy circumstances. In this article, fuzzy distance method is employed for selection process. Methodology of Housing choice with fuzzy distance approach is based on the minimizing fuzzy distance of features from desired amount under fuzzy condition. Meanwhile, in the discrete choice models, Housing choice is based on utility maximizing of available option. If available and desirable options have fuzzy values, we can measure distances between them and choose minimum distance as the best option. This study is conducted for dwelling units in urban regions of Hamedan province in Iran. Estimated results of model show that among owners group considering some features the fourth decile has the lowest fuzzy distance. This means that the residential units located in this decile are ideal for choosing. In the case of tenants, the third decile with amount of 659 units, has the minimum fuzzy distance.

Formation of the informal settlements has become a global challenge in cities especially the ones in developing countries. These settlements encounter problems such as poverty, illegal land occupation, lack of infrastructures, low quality of house and etc. In the past few years, informal urban Housing, and tenure insecurity have been attracting attention of the many global development organizations like UN_HABITAT, World Bank and so on. As such it leads to a steady stream of academic writings and new initiatives on the subject. Most of them intend to present solutions to solve land occupation security in order to improve living conditions in informal settlements. Recent studies believe that tenure security for low-income settlement dwellers encounter three distinct forms: tenure security as perceived by dwellers, tenure security as a legal construct and de facto tenure security. Nowadays there are two different approaches regarding the tenure security which as follow: traditional and modern approaches. Traditional approaches focus on tenure security more than legal aspect. These consider the occupation security as having title-deed for the official occupancy of a place. Although the modern approach does not negate the possibility that the title can generate tenure security, it argues that the same object can be achieved through different factors which have been called extra-legal and semi legal factors. There exists a distance between the idea of tenure security and the legal concept which has turned it into a social psychology issue. Social psychological approach shows that people’s decisions are often influenced by what they feel about a situation.Survey method is considered as the methodology of this research to achieve an objective and hypotheses test. According to this method, questionnaires was prepared and filled in Islamabad neighborhood. Finally, by using statistical techniques of factor analysis, Cronbach`s Alpha, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple regressions, the main analysis of data completed. The social psychological approach is defined in a way which makes the concept of perceived tenure security.Through following these means, the same conception is shown to be composed of the perceived probability of eviction (a thinking state), the fear of eviction (a feeling state) and the lack of support networks, which are separate variables.Within the results there are positive and direct relationship between Housing quality and tenure security. Since other factors such as probability of eviction, fear of eviction and lack of support networks affect the perceived occupation security of households, the legal ownership is not the whole tenure Security in the neighborhood of the case study. Among these factors, lack of support networks influence the perceived tenure security of households much more than the other factors. Since informal settlements are key location of the urban poor to live, presumably the monthly income of households plays an essential role in tenure security and Housing quality which can affects them. Therefore, it is recommended that the subsequent studies use the households monthly income as controlable variable in their tests in the future. The paper's outcome can be considered as the future studies' basis on the same subject.

Choosing Housing is the most basic need of every household. Therefore, identification and evaluation of effective factors in choosing Housing from the viewpoint of the homeowner's households will play an important role in helping urban managers to promote and improve the Housing conditions of the people. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate and evaluate the factors affecting the probability of choosing Housing with emphasis on the demographic characteristics of homeowning households in Isfahan. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive-survey based on the data collection method. Data gathering method, documentary method by studying and investigating previous research, and field method. Data collection was done by designing empirical questionnaire, randomly from 300 households. These data were categorized in the EXCEL software and analyzed using the discrete multinomial logit model (MNL) in STATA software based on Random Utility Theory (RUT). The results of this study, taking into account the Z statistic of the variables, indicated that 11 variables were confirmed related to the properties of the Housing, as well as the confirmation of 20 variables demographic variables defined in The model is relevant. The most influential demographic variables include: having children aged 18 and above, the number of home purchases, the reason for settling in Isfahan and the level of social relationships between the individual and his family, respectively, with 41, 37, 36, 33%, the coefficient of positive effect on the probability of choosing in the multiple logit function. The results showed that the socio-economic are important and, in urban Housing studies, should be specifically considered

Appropriate planning for choosing the location of residential units by urban managers, Housing construction companies, and urban and rural property organizations involves understanding the preferences of the homeowner's households in this area. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors affecting the choice of house quality and residential location and the extent of the impact of each of these factors on the probability of choice. choice Experiment Method (CEM) was used to determine the factors influencing Housing choice and valuation of Housing features. To this end, the desired values were used based on Random Utility Theory (RUT) of a discrete Multinomial Logit Model (MNL) and randomly selected from 300 households in Isfahan city. The data were collected using questionnaires of empirical and faceto-face interviews and analyzed using EXCEL and STATA software. The results showed that the final effect of the variable of increasing the facilities and facilities outside the interior of the home has the greatest impact on the choice of Housing, and then the size variable in the choice of Housing is very influential. Based on the findings of this study, it was found that the preferences of different households, mainly by prioritizing residential location indicators, could be very important in urban planning.